Aquaponics Basics

Growing plants in water, fertilized by fish, powered by bacteria

Aquaponics has been in use for centuries

Diagram showing the fish farming process, with fish producing waste that bacteria convert to fertilizer for plants. Plants filter water and return it to the fish, creating a balanced system.

A closed loop cycle

Aquaponics mimics a natural ecosystem, similar to a pond or a lake. Fish excrete waste, primarily from their gills, and that waste material needs to be metabolized (broken down) into something not toxic to the fish and other aquatic organisms. Bacteria are the foundation of nearly every harmonious habitat in the world, from the extreme environments to our very own digestive systems. A special kind of bacteria, termed “nitrifying”, come to the rescue here to convert the ammonia waste products into nitrates, which are a preferable nitrogen source for plants to absorb. The cycle balances, and all three participants thrive.

Infographic titled "The Future of Aquaponics: 6 Pillars of Innovation & Research" detailing six key areas for aquaponics development, including decoupled systems, sludge mineralization, microbiome control, sustainable feeds, energy efficiency, and policy certification, with illustrations of systems, plants, fish, and policy icons.